Molecules and Processes of Life Activity 6 - Cellular Respiration and Lab Report

Atoms and Processes of Life Activity 6 - Cellular Respiration and the Effects of Pollutants on Its Rate - Lab Report Example The measure of gas radiated at the highest point of cylinder was seen to more than 10 minutes in order to decide cell breath rate. The poisons utilized included; vinegar, salt arrangement, isopropyl liquor, heating pop, cleanser arrangement, and dye arrangement. The outcome for yeast blend was contrasted and the outcomes for yeast-sugar blend. The yeast-sugar blend displayed a quicker cell breath rate. The results of the contaminations had blended outcomes. But heating pop, the vast majority of the contaminations used had a lower cell breath rate. As indicated by Carpenter (2013), cell breath is a procedure wherein compound vitality in the food is harvested and changed over into vitality that is used in completing the typical life process. Each living being requires cell breath for endurance. This procedure occurs in three particular stages; glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain. Lippmann (2009) contends that during these cycles, oxygen and glucose in our body are transformed into carbon dioxide, vitality, and water. The main period of cell breath is the point at which one glucose atom is part to create two pyruvic corrosive particles, a 3-carbon compound (Schapira, McQuaid and Froneman, 2011). This first stage is anaerobic, inferring it needn't bother with oxygen to happen. The rest of the stages require oxygen. In that capacity, the analysis was directed inside an oxygen zone and an extensive time span to permit the three periods of cell breath to happen. To test our first theory, the test configuration was to such an extent that yeast was blended in with water at that point filled a test tube. A more extensive test tube was set over the yeast test tube and flipped together more than 10 minutes to watch the degree of gas summing in the more extensive cylinder. The measure of gas was recorded each moment in the10 minutes. The equivalent was done to a yeast-water blend however with granulated sugar included into

The correlation between organisational culture and security Essay

The connection between's authoritative culture and security - Essay Example The degree to which authoritative culture decides nature and view of the security condition is both of functional importance and hypothetical intrigue. A profoundly run of the mill situation exists when decisions about security must be made by the administration as an open door cost guideline (Fennelly, 2003, p.364). The supremacy and instantaneousness of such decisions lie in the brief foundation of genuine and saw danger recognitions by the association. Consequently hierarchical culture merges on the intelligent reason that shrouded dangers to its own reality could be physical and genuine or/and saw and stunning. The degree to which these conceptualisations will decide the reaction of the association relies upon the authoritative culture. At the point when authoritative culture depends on a lot of shared qualities and convictions among a network or individuals, at that point discernments about security and dangers become progressively considerable in light of the fact that such recognitions obtain a bigger measurement in the hierarchical setting, including an expenses versus benefits assessment (MacCrie, 2007, p.230). Over all hierarchical culture is a hypothetical develop with suggestions for the security of the association past the perceptible limits.Organisational culture surmises an example of conduct propensities with respect to both inward and outer partners (Driskill and Brenton, 2005, p.12). Commonly advantageous practices and an arrangement of comparing rights and commitments assume that the association advances through a perplexing system of sub-societies that flawlessly coordinate into a worth driven framework. Interior and outside connections that exist at each level and layer, are apparently impacted by the quality and quantum of interchanges. This thus affects the association's security discernments. A closely resembling circumstance exists in bunch relations where gatherings of people limited by their own inside principles, rights and commitments will in any case try to build up contacts with others. At the individual authoritative level this conduct is dependent upon a restored worry for security and a regularly expanding familiarity with dangers. As Schein puts it, Culture is a deliberation, yet the powers that are made in social and authoritative circums tances that get from culture are amazing (Schein, 2004, p.3). Mullins, then again, states that an association seeks after its objectives dependent on a hidden philosophy or theory, in light of convictions, qualities and mentalities. Inside the association, culture is an unavoidable impact over individuals' conduct and activities, and reflects in the exhibition of work - what isn't worthy and what practices and activities are supported and disheartened. It can likewise incorporate customs, qualities, convictions and perspectives (Mullins, 2007, p.531). Mullins places accentuation on the objectivity of culture impact and furthermore credits some ideological attributes to it. At long last authoritative objectives,

Borderline Personality Disorder and Identity Problems

Borderline Personality Disorder and Identity Problems BPD Print Borderline Personality Disorder and Identity Problems By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on August 19, 2019 Alessia Pederzoli / Getty Images More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions Do you ever find yourself asking: Who am I? What do I believe in? What is my place in this world? If you do, youre not alone. Many people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) struggle with identity issuesâ€"one of the core symptoms of BPD. Plenty of people without BPD struggle with identity issues, too. But people with BPD often have a very profound lack of sense of self. If you struggle with the feeling that you have no idea who you are or what you believe in, this may be a symptom you can relate to. Understanding Identity Most experts view identity as your overarching sense and view of yourself. A stable sense of identity means being able to see yourself as the same person in the past, present, and future. In addition, a stable sense of self requires the ability to view yourself in one way despite the fact that sometimes you may behave in contradictory ways. Identity is quite broad  and includes many aspects of the self. Your sense of self or identity is probably made up of your beliefs, attitudes, abilities, history, ways of behaving, personality, temperament, knowledge, opinions, and roles. Identity can be thought of as your self-definition; it’s the glue that holds together all of these diverse aspects of yourself. Why Identity Is Important Having a sense of identity serves many different functions. First, if you have a strong identity, it allows you to develop self-esteem. Without knowing who you are, how can you develop a sense that you are worthwhile and deserving of respect? In addition, a strong identity can help you to adapt to changes. While the world around you is constantly changing, if you have a strong sense of self, you essentially have an anchor to hold you while you adapt. Without that anchor, changes can feel chaotic and even terrifying. How to Deal With Low Self-Esteem When You Have BPD The Question Who Am I? and BPD One of the symptoms of BPD listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the standard for diagnosing mental conditions, is identity disturbance, or a markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self.?? People with BPD often report that they have no idea who they are or what they believe in. Sometimes they report that they simply feel non-existent. Others even say that they are almost like a chameleon in terms of identity; they change who they are depending on their circumstances and what they think others want from them. For example, you might find yourself being the life of the party at social events, but having a somber and serious demeanor at work functions. Of course, everyone changes their behavior to some degree in different contexts, but in BPD this shift is much more profound. Many people with BPD say that in addition to behavior, their thoughts and feelings change to match the current situation. Identity problems in BPD are sometimes called identity diffusion. This refers to difficulties determining who you are in relation to other people.?? Some people with BPD may describe this as having difficulties understanding where you end and the other person begins. As a result, many people with BPD struggle to set up and maintain healthy personal boundaries and have difficulties in their interpersonal relationships. Why People With BPD Have Identity Problems Unfortunately, there has been very little research on the identity problems associated with BPD, but there are many theories as to why people with BPD often struggle with identity. For example, Marsha Linehan, Ph.D., a leading BPD researcher and the founder of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), believes you develop an identity by observing your own emotions, thoughts, and feelings, in addition to others’ reactions to you.?? If you have BPD and the associated emotional instability, impulsive behavior, and dichotomous thinking, you may have difficulty forming a coherent sense of self because your internal experiences and outward actions are not consistent. In addition, many people with BPD come from chaotic or abusive backgrounds,?? which may contribute to an unstable sense of self. If you determine who you are based on others’ reactions to you, and those reactions have been unpredictable and/or scary, you have no framework for developing a strong sense of identity. Another potential factor is being able to think about the mental states of yourself and others regarding dreams, thoughts, emotions, and goals, known as mentalizing, which is difficult for those with BPD.  One study  published in 2017 showed that this problem with mentalizing may play a key role in why people with BPD struggle so much with identity diffusion and interpersonal relationships.?? How to Find Yourself So how do you go about answering the question, “Who am I?” Of course, there is no magic solution for identity problemsâ€"these issues are complicated. However, most treatments for BPD include components that can help you to begin to discover who you are and what you stand for. The first step in finding yourself is finding a good therapist who can help you work on identity problems. In addition, there are ways that you can work on identity issues on your own. You can begin to discover what you view as meaningful in your life. The act of categorizing and defining these areas can help you start on a path to discovering whats most important to you, which is a significant part of your identity. The Best Online Therapy Programs

Is Violence in Films Responsible For Childrens Agressive...

Is Violence in Films Responsible For Childrens Agressive Behavior? Violence on screen is often offered to the young population, which responds to it in so different ways. Childrens psychological development is based on social experiences and imitations. Children are influenced either by their families (direct source of influence) or by their surroundings (indirect source of influence). The question I will be exploring is the responsibility of the violence in films in children’s aggressive behavior. I will discussthe points of view of the magazines, Economist and Journal of Popular film Television, and a web site (http://www.bmarsh.dtai.com/courses/eng/2312/231/ramos.html) According to web site, screen violence is†¦show more content†¦So, screen violence appears to be, in that case, a dangerous thing for children and teenagers. The magazine, Economist shares Ramos’ point of view. In its article (August 13, 1994), videodrome, the magazine presents screen violence as a causal factor in children aggressive behavior. Based on some psychological researches, the article affirms that there is a link between watching violent films and children’s aggressive behavior. According to those researches, on different boys, there was a correlation between the amount of TV violence watched and aggression among the eight-year-olds. There was also a correlation between watching violent films at eight and aggressiveness at 19. When they reached 30, those who had watched the most TV violence as children tended to have convictions that are more criminal, to be more likely tended to batter their spouses and, in their turn, to have more aggressive children. To back up its position, the article refers also to different sources such Mr Huesmann who thinks that ‘early aggression predicts later aggression; and expos ure to media violence correlates with early aggression.’ For Mr Eron ‘younsters, by consistent viewing of violence, got more and more aggressive.’ Britain reports that ‘ high exposure to television

Nearly Every State In The U.S. Has Adopted A Set Of...

Nearly every state in the U.S. has adopted a set of educational standards known as Common Core State Standards, or C.C.S.S. (Shanahan, 2015), put into place in hopes of improving America s educational system. We have finally recognized the need for our educational system to evolve with our economy and how vital it is to promote college and career readiness in school-aged children; but, are we going about it all wrong? Uniform Standards are not what our educational system needs to evolve, and have shown no evidence in improving education in America; in fact, we may be struggling more now than we ever were before. The C.C.S.S has promoted excellence and advancement in common core classes but has also proven to fall short on their†¦show more content†¦Money can buy you a lot of things in America, and a good education is one of them. The lack of funding in public school systems also leads to underpaid and often undereducated teachers. These teachers are often never given the tools to succeed when such changes like the C.C.S.S. come about. When we fail to continue the education of those who educate our young, we, therefore, fail to succeed academically as a society. States are not merely missing academic criterion because they have low expectations or no motivation, but because we are failing to provide them with the necessary tools and resources to educate children at an acceptable level. By promoting standardized testing, we are essentially setting our children and our future up for failure. Standards lay out the major goals that must be accomplished without indicating all the underlying skills or knowledge that must be gained to reach those goals (Shanahan, 2015). Although the C.C.S.S outline their goals, they do not provide a plan on how to achieve them, in turn creating huge problems for educators nationwide. We cannot possibly expect teachers to be able to meet such high standards when we are giving them so little to work with. There are no government incentives or potential rewards associated with C.C.S.S, neither the president nor the DepartmentShow MoreRelatedThe Charlotte Mecklenburg School System1187 Words   |  5 Pagesapproved by the District Court in 1965, at the commencement of this litigation. In 1968, petitioner Swann moved for further relief based on Green v. County School Board, 391 U.S. 430, which required school boards to come forward with a plan that promises realistically to work now, until it is clear that state-imposed segregation has been co mpletely removed. 3. The District Court ordered the school board in April 1969 to provide a plan for faculty and student desegregation. Finding the board s submissionRead MoreHow Should Teachers Salaries Be Evaluated? Essay1477 Words   |  6 Pagesthat we make to further our education or encourage a desire in us toward a future career. 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The Artist as a Critic Free Essays

Oscar Wilder’s The Artist as Critic revolves around a debate Gilbert and Ernest discuss over art criticism and analysis. Ernest argues â€Å"that in the best days of art there we no art critics. † (Wilder 346). We will write a custom essay sample on The Artist as a Critic or any similar topic only for you Order Now Whereas Gilbert reasons that â€Å"it (art criticism) treats the work of art simply as a starting-point for a new creation† (Wilder 367). Sadly, Ernest’s blatant ignorance is unable to comprehend that without art criticism, there would be no art to truly value. Wilde’s quote means that in order to hold art of all fields at a high prestige, we need critical structure and recognition of historical/political context to support art in order to admire the pure beauty within its relative expertise. â€Å"To know the principles of the highest art is to know the principles of the arts† (Wilder 354). Therefore, the cruciality of art criticism responds to the interpretation of meaning and focus on the current culture and time period, overall helping viewers perceive and analyze artworks to gain further knowledge and respect for such creations. Without the critical faculty, there is no artistic creation at all, worthy of name†¦ and no one who does not possess this critical faculty can create anything at all in art. † (Wilder 355) Gilbert sais this to Ernest arguing over the use of art criticism from the Greeks. Gilbert means that without a basic structure of skills and fundamental elements relevant to the expertise, there is n o precision of craft. What makes fine art beautiful, worth listening and compelling is highly contingent upon the mastery of key skills and artistic components. If an opera singer didn’t know how to differentiate their use of breath during lyric or coloratura repertoire, they would not be able to get through any piece or art song. Instead, they would sound breathy and toneless throughout the phrases, who wants to hear that? Likewise, if a writer has no sense of plot flow, character development, or interesting themes within a story, there is no point in wasting your time reading through a painful piece of literature. All art forms are developed under a certain skill which require dedicated competence and applied faculty. Art critics simply keep artists in check by maintaining a certain level expectation to reach for and continue to advance artistic creations. Negative art criticism does not always apply to the lack of faculty skills. In Amiri Baraka’s poem Somebody Blew Up America, released a year after the anniversary of 9/11, he executed a highly controversial piece of writing that was a accused of racism and hatred against Jews, Israelis, and American leaders. The bigoted public treated his work as a literal translation of his opinions and beliefs, when his intentions were to create an ultimate allegoric poem to open the eyes of our country that was unaware of political schemes and inhumane manipulation of our government that was thought to have led to the events of 9/11. Despite such a dispute perhaps liable from governmental course of action, 9/11 was still a fresh wound upon our country that was no where close to recovery due to such loss and tragic deaths. Baraka’s poem hit too close to home at the time, people did not want to listen to his radical accusations and unpatriotic rambling about our country getting bombed. â€Å"The public’s inability to see the poem for what it really is, a high rhetorical statement expressing the writer’s ideological investments, signifies a profound lack of understanding of the nature of poetic art—a lack which can be explained by any number of cultural, historical, and institutional factors. (Gwiazda 16) Baraka’s Somebody Blew Up America was a powerful poem that should be praised for its thunderous diction and expertise of faculty. Instead he was removed from the national position as the Poet Laureate of New Jersey because the people of country could not comprehend such controversial context within his poem, they took his words too literally instead of a representation of political activist art. â€Å"The sheer multitude of these questions might indeed produce in the reader the suspicion of a global conspiracy of oppressors against oppressed, privileged against unprivileged, have against have-nots. Through its relentless accumulation of imperialist wrongs â€Å"Somebody Blew up America† achieves a compelling rhetorical effect. † (Gwiazda 10) Such an example of Baraka’s failure of a poem provides the essential requirement to utilize analytical techniques within political and cultural contexts to ensure further comprehension and appreciation of a valid work of art. Reading the poems in class by Chrystos instilled an influential awareness I e about how the power of poetry can reach people and activate mindsets through a strategic voice of force. As graphic as her poems are, they do not serve as aesthetic platforms that deliver you to your happy place, her work of art leaves a prominent message that is conducive towards delivering a strong testimony about her cultural and spiritual hardships. She opens the mind of the reader and draws a raw picture of her experiences and torments as a native in this intolerant country we call America. Such art that tears at the soul and depicts unpleasant imagery is a powerful form of activist art by bringing awareness to the people about violence and inequities upon Natives, often been covered up by white supremacist governmental officials. Art does not have to be beautiful to convey an influential message, in fact, art in its most vulnerable and raw form reaches the audience by leaving an relevant feeling emotional, effectively capturing a great amount of attention. The ethical effect of art, its importance to culture, and its place in the formation of character, had been done once for all by Plato; but here we have art treated, not from moral, but from the purely aesthetic point of view. † (Wilder 352) Understanding the elements that create such dramatic pieces of art enable the art critic to take in historical and political contexts to further establish an opinionated analysis of the work. Unlike Baraka’s hostile reviews of â€Å"Somebody Blew Up America†, Chrystos poems were well received, less radical and primarily focused on revolving themes of oppression and discrimination. In conclusion, critical faculty and fundamental elements are essential to analyzing a work of art. The world needs art criticism in order to truly value a mastery of skills relevant to the field. With the foundation of art criticism we can further the creations of great art to aspire to and behold its greatness. How to cite The Artist as a Critic, Papers

The Current Assignment Intends To Provide a Detailed Overview

Question: Discuss About The Current Assignment Intends To Provide A Detailed Overview? Answer: Introduction: The current assignment intends to provide a detailed overview of the provided article, which is Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Through this article, the researcher Paul V. Dunmore has laid special attention on the positive accounting process for developing a causal explanation of the behaviour of human beings. Along with this, the existing research program is a valuable tool for addressing various types of loopholes in the positive accounting approach (Apostolou et al., 2013). This has been successful in depicting the inherent issues associated with the approach of positive accounting. In this particular research, the researcher has been associated in identifying the positive and negative aspects of the positive accounting research. The two main factors that the researcher has emphasised in this article include ontology and epistemology. This chosen article has been effective in conducting a critical argument on the positive accounting process, which has helped in identifying the various deficiencies in positive accounting research. These activities of the researcher have been effective in deriving a pertinent inference of the research program. Apart from these, the research program has been an effectual tool for identifying the needed hypothesis for the research. Finally, the theoretical framework has delivered a critical overview on the article. Summary of the article: According to this specific research, the main subject of examination is the positive accounting approach by seeking help of various types of the research programs. As indicated by Ball (2013), the positive accounting process has different associations with various types of broader intellectual projects regarding scientific researches, since the ultimate goal is to evaluate the cause and effects associated with positive accounting. By selecting the provided research article, the researcher has attempted to address the loopholes in the positive accounting research process. The chosen article has positive association with various types of audit literature. This research provides wider evidence that positive accounting approach has been used widely for accomplishing various scientific objectives in the profession of accounting, despite the existence of various deficiencies (Beattie, 2014). According to the description of Kuhn, normal science is associated strongly with positive accounting, since normal science matches well with the positive accounting process. As per the view of Paul V. Dunmore, it is not crucial to induce the accounting process for gauging the accuracy of the provided theory of accounting. In other words, the chosen research article has been useful in assessing the falsification related to the positive accounting approach. In this article, the researcher has made use of four groups of descriptions, which include internal influence, inefficiency of relative theory, external influence and error measurements. One of the primary goals of this research is to explain the drawback of the research hypothesis testing coupled with providing pertinent logic behind the same. Thus, in this research process, Paul V. Dunmore has recognised the ardent requirement for developing effective methods of measurement in the positive accounting process (Benson et al., 2015). Research question/ hypothesis: For investigating the validity of the positive accounting research process, there needs to be the presence of research hypothesis. The research hypothesis for this research is provided as follows: H0: It is possible to envision the existence of a world beyond the imagination of every individual H1: There is a specific reason behind the incidence of each incident and they constitute an universal part H2: With the help of stringent observation, an individual could seek pertinent information in association with each global event H3: The primary goal of the intellectual property is to use different types of observations for gaining a universal understanding. With the assistance of various examples in the positive accounting process, it is possible to test the initial hypothesis. In addition, it is crucial to explain the scientific ontology and epistemology in association to the positive accounting for testing the second hypothesis. In order to accomplish this purpose, various types of random events could be advocated from the external world. For testing the second hypothesis, the researcher has adopted the method of explaining the falsification process related to hypothesis testing. Despite all these, for the research process purpose, it is required to scrutinise the various types of facts to create the preliminary ideas. Thus, it is crucial for the anticipants to take into account the old and new theories about positive accounting. Theoretical framework: In order to meet the research objectives, Paul V. Dunmore has used various types of theoretical frameworks. The theoretical frameworks of this research are described as follows: Examples of positive accounting research: According to the researcher of the provided article, the operations of balanced self-interest use to occur between the parties depending on the result of the accounting phenomena. The accounting phenomena have been applied through the contract of different kinds of business organisations. Excepting this, the phenomena of accounting utilise to cover various kinds of the choices of accounting, since these accounting choices enable the business managers to prepare the financial reports. This, in turn, would help in the financial decision-making process of the organisation (Botes, Low Chapman, 2014). According to this article, the auditors are taken into account as the financial decision-makers depending on their investigated audit report. In this context, one of the significant factors is that for making investment decisions, the investors are required to choose the kind of investment information, which would help them in future. It could be observed that the nature of the individual b ehaviour in the positive accounting process is excluded in this article (D. Carnegie, 2014). On the contrary, according to the perspective of the auditors, the method of standard setting in accounting could be occurred when the impact of individual behaviours is not present in positive accounting. Several examples have proven the fact that the research related to positive accounting process is larger and broader compared to the positive accounting theory (Dumay, 2014). The natural goal of any research is to develop effective overview on the phenomena of accounting of the positive accounting research process. This could be achieved through different types of the processes of scientific accounting research. From the above evaluation, it could be depicted that greater and effective tools of accounting are required for increasing the quality of the financial decision-making process (Gaunt, 2014). Epistemology and ontology: According to the statement of Paul V. Dunmore epistemology is a major field of science, in which majority of the individuals intend to describe the different types of approaches for obtaining knowledge and ideas about the universe. On the contrary, ontology is the method of providing description of the different types of activities and providing answers to various sorts of questions (Glennie Lodhia, 2013). The method of developing the nature of the individuals is to undertake various kinds of roles for close association with the universe. In this context, it is noteworthy that an individual could not observe universe irrespective of various experiences From both the aspects of both ontology and epistemology, the issues could not occur, since the ultimate goals is to obtain effective knowledge of the accounting information. The different types of problems are related to positive research, the cause is that positive research intends in exploring and experiencing the underlying reasons and meanings. The different streams of the research could be stated with different groups of goals existing in the stated period. The other issues are associated with the agencies (Smith, 2014). This method has its own reasons. The two of the main reasons are that the individuals have their own will and such actions are liable for the reasons. The scientific theory does not possess any description regarding these agency problems (Guthrie Parker, 2014). For the purpose related to the research process, it is necessary to explain trends in the accountants and auditors behaviours, since they utilise to behave in a specific manner. These aspects lead to generating the different causes of behaviour; however, they are not possible to be identified in the objective world. Requirement for an effectual positive research program: According to the above evaluation, it could be stated that some main issues are related to positive accounting research. It could be stated that there is necessity for developing effectual research programs in addressing the previously discussed research issues (Henderson et al., 2015).According to the provided article, it could be stated that vigilant procedures of testing are required for resting the models of vulnerable testing in positive accounting for considering the measurement variables. Along with this, there is ardent need for effectual analytical models required for testing purpose and creation of different analytical models. For implementing the analytical models in the process of positive accounting, the field pre-occupation is required for convert tractability into plausibility. Paul V. Dunmore has advised that measurement procedures need to be implemented besides the testing procedures. During the research process, partiality has been noted in the publication process a nd in contrast to the dimensions of accounting. Such partiality is the major reason contributing to the lapse of resources in the positive accounting process (Li, 2015). Significance and limitations of the article: When this article evaluation has been conducted, a wider gap has been identified amongst the latest practices of the positive accounting process. Moreover, the assessment of the article has been effective for making the individuals feel the necessity for a pertinent along with important contribution in the intellectual programs of accounting (Palea, 2014). Another primary goal of this research is to gain an insight in the scientific research process. The research has enabled in identifying the requirement for greater accounting theoretical model. The provided article has various loopholes. Amongst them, one of the primary loopholes is that this article fails to incorporate the awareness related to human behaviour in the positive accounting process. The lack of accumulation of data in real life from the reliable sources is the major reason (Retief Venter De Villiers, 2013). On the contrary, the article has lack of information from the primary and secondary sources. Due to this reason, Paul V. Dunmore needs to depend on the opinions of the other authors. Such qualitative research aspect has not addressed properly (Martnez?Ferrero, Garcia?Sanchez Cuadrado?Ballesteros, 2015). This has been one of the main concepts, since it enables in ascertaining the future growth of the organisations. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it could be inferred that the primary goal of the article is to analyse the concepts related to ontology and epistemology in the positive accounting aspect. It could be stated that certain loopholes are inherent in the positive accounting process. However, with the assistance of pertinent strategies, the deficiencies could be eliminated. According to the recommendations of Paul V. Dunmore, the theoretical models utilised in the article require formulation and for such purpose, there is need for an effective tool of accounting. According to the suggestion, different types of tools of measurement are needed to be enforced after effective description. It is noteworthy that the behaviour of the human individuals is the main aspect related to the positive accounting research process. For this purpose, the qualitative aspects associated with positive accounting for estimating the future growth of the business organisations. Besides this, a minimal amount of changes is necessary in the positive accounting process. The accounting phenomena have been applied through the contract of different kinds of business organisations. Excepting this, the phenomena of accounting utilise to cover various kinds of the choices of accounting, since these accounting choices enable the business managers to prepare the financial reports. This, in turn, would help in the financial decision-making process of the organisation. From both the aspects of both ontology and epistemology, the issues could not occur, since the ultimate goals is to obtain effective knowledge of the accounting information. The different types of problems are related to positive research, the cause is that positive research intends in exploring and experiencing the underlying reasons and meanings. The different streams of the research could be stated with different groups of goals existing in the stated period. The other issues are associated with the agencies. From the above evaluation, it could be depicted that greater and effective tools of accounting are required for increasing the quality of the financial decision-making process. References: Apostolou, B., Dorminey, J. W., Hassell, J. M., Watson, S. F. (2013). Accounting education literature review (20102012).Journal of Accounting Education,31(2), 107-161. Ball, R. (2013). 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